广西植物一新种和二新变种

<正> 1.百色黄精新种 图2(百合科) Polygonatum longistylum Y. Wan ex C. Z. Gao,sp.nov. (Liliaceae) Haec species P. cathcartii Baker affinis, sed laminis foliorum apice circinatis,filamentis apice non sacciformibus,stylo ovario fere(?)-plo longiore facile differt.     

安徽黄精属二新种

<正> 根状茎圆柱状,由于结节膨大,因而节间一头粗,一头细,在粗的一头有短的分枝,直径1—2.2厘米,茎直立,高30—80厘米,光滑无毛。叶轮生,厚纸质,每轮3—5片,条状披针形,长5—8厘米,宽1—1.5厘米,先端弯曲,基部楔形,两面无毛,中脉在背面明显凸起。伞形花序腋生,通常具2朵花,稀3朵,总花梗长1.5—3厘米,有叶状苞1—8枚,厚纸质,条状披针形,长1.8—3.5厘米,宽4—8毫米,先端卷曲,中脉在下面明显凸起,无毛,花柄长5—10毫米;花被筒状,淡黄色,长10—12毫米,裂片6,长约8毫     

Molecular cloning of the lectin and a lectin-related protein from common Solomon's seal (Polygonatum multiflorum)

The most prominent protein ofPolygonatum multiflorum (common Solomon's seal) rhizomes has been identified as a mannose-binding lectin. Analysis of the purified lectin demonstrated that it is a tetramer of four identical subunits of 14 kDa. Molecular cloning further revealed that the lectin from this typical Liliaceae species belongs to the superfamily of monocot mannose-binding proteins. Screening of cDNA libraries constructed with RNA isolated from buds, leaves and flowers ofP. multiflorum also yielded cDNA clones encoding a protein, which contains two tandemly arranged domains with an obvious sequence homology to the mannose-binding lectins. Molecular modelling of thePolygonatum lectin and lectin-related protein indicated that the three-dimensional structure of both proteins strongly resembles that of the snowdrop lectin. In addition, this approach suggested that the presumed carbohydrate-binding sites of the lectin can accommodate a mannose residue whereas most of the carbohydratebinding sites of the lectin-related protein cannot.Abbreviations GNA Galanthus nivalis agglutinin - HCA hydrophobic cluster analysis - LECPMA cDNA clone encoding PMA - PM30 30 kDa protein isolated fromPolygonatum multiforum - PMA Polygonatum multiflorum agglutinin - PMLRP Polygonatum multiflorum lectin-related protein     

黄精种子萌发过程发育解剖学研究

采用石蜡切片技术对成熟黄精种子形态及萌发过程中的形态学变化及解剖结构特征进行了研究,以阐明黄精种子繁殖的生物学机制。结果显示:(1)成熟的黄精种子由外而内依次为种皮、胚乳和胚等3部分组成。其中种皮由一层木质化的细胞组成;胚乳占据种子的大部分结构,胚乳细胞含有大量淀粉,细胞壁增厚;胚处于棒型胚阶段。(2)黄精种子在萌发过程中棒型胚靠近种脐端分化为吸器、子叶联结和子叶鞘,靠近种孔的部位分化出胚根、胚轴和胚芽。(3)黄精种子萌发首先由子叶联结伸长将胚芽和胚根原基推出种孔,紧接着下胚轴膨大形成初生小根茎,吸器留在种子中分解吸收胚乳中的营养物质。(4)通过子叶联结连通吸器和初生小根茎,将胚乳中的营养物质由吸器-子叶联结这个通路转移到初生小根茎中,为初生根茎上胚芽和胚根的进一步分化提供物质保障。(5)黄精种子自然条件下萌发率较低,而且当年不出土。研究表明,黄精种子的繁殖生物学特性是其生态适应的一种重要机制。     

黄精褐斑病的病原生物学特性

为明确发生在贵州省施秉县的黄精叶斑类病害的病原菌,通过形态学和分子生物学方法对病原菌进行了鉴定,并对其生物学特性进行了初步研究。形态特征及rDNA-ITS、β-tubulin和tef1多基因序列分析表明,该病原菌为棕榈拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola。生物学特性研究结果表明,该菌菌丝体适宜生长温度为15-30℃,最适温度为28℃;最适pH值为5;以葡萄糖为碳源、酵母浸膏为氮源比较适合菌丝体的生长;菌丝体生长的最佳培养基为PDA;光照对菌丝体生长无明显影响;菌丝体致死温度为45℃。     

福建省多花黄精生态适宜性区划研究

通过研究多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema)的生态适宜性,为其野生资源保护及人工规范化栽培提供依据。收集237份多花黄精分布位置和55个生态因子,导入最大熵(MaxEnt)模型运算,结合地理信息系统(GIS)分析其适合生长区域。结果表明,影响多花黄精生态适宜性的主要生态因子是3月降水量、年均降水量、6月降水量、5月降水量、4月降水量、2月降水量和最冷季降水量,在福建省具有广泛适宜生长区域。模型预测结果可靠,可为多花黄精野生资源保护提供参考,并为其科学种植提供指导。     

紫外指纹图谱结合化学计量学对黄精基原植物的鉴别

运用紫外光谱技术结合化学计量学,建立快速鉴别不同基原黄精的方法。通过单因素实验确定黄精最佳提取溶剂、时间和用量,制备测试液,采用紫外光谱技术建立3种基原黄精的紫外指纹图谱,光谱数据转化后进行主成分(PCA)和系统聚类分析(HCA)。该方法重现性、精密度、稳定性较好,结果表明不同种类黄精紫外指纹图谱具有指纹特性,3种基原植物黄精紫外光谱图在210 nm、220 nm、280 nm附近差异明显;聚类分析和主成分分析三维投影图反映出不同种类黄精的化学成分积累具有差异,能较好地区分滇黄精(Polygonatum kingianum)、黄精(P. sibiricum)与多花黄精(P. cyrtonema)。紫外光谱结合化学计量学能快速鉴别不同种类黄精,可作为黄精的鉴别和质量控制新方法,为黄精临床应用、资源开发及黄精属植物分类提供辅助方法。     

Variation in floral sex allocation in Polygonatum odoratum (Liliaceae)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It is well known that resource allocation to male and female functions can be highly variable in hermaphroditic plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in sexual investment at different levels (flower, plant and population) in Polygonatum odoratum, a plant with sequentially opening flowers. METHODS: Pollen and ovule production in base, middle and top flowers of P. odoratum flowering shoots from two natural populations were quantified. Plant measurements of phenotypic and functional gender were calculated in both populations. Total leaf number was used to investigate the relationship between gender assessments and plant size. KEY RESULTS: Pollen and ovule production varied depending on flower position, although the precise pattern differed between both studied populations; only investment in female floral function decreased markedly from base to top flowers in both populations. The frequency distribution of phenotypic gender and their relationship with plant size differed between populations. Phenotypic and functional gender were correlated in both populations. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual investment in P. odoratum has shown a marked variability within plants, among plants, and between populations, which confirms the importance of analysing sex expression in plants of this type. Differences in relative investment in male and female components (phenotypic gender) are reflected in the functional gender and it would be expected that the evolution of sexual specialization in Polygonatum odoratum would be promoted.     

Plant regeneration via organogenesis from adventitious bud explants of a medicinal herb species, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Polygonatum cyrtonema</Emphasis>

Summary Explants derived from adventitious buds, rhizomes, stems, and leaves of a medicinal plant, Polygonatum cyrtonema, were studied for plantlet regeneration, and only adventitious bud explants were able to be regenerated into plantlets. Regeneration was also accompanied by the formation of rhizome-like tissue, the medicinal portion of the plant. The optimum hormone combination for plantlet regenertion was 4.44 μM benzyladenine plus 2.26 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, at which new adventitious buds were obtained from 96.6% of the adventitious bud explants, with an average of 5.2 buds per explant. The best medium for root induction was half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium with 4.57 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, as 92% of regenerated buds rooted. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to a greenhouse with 86% survival. Histological observation indicated that new adventitious buds originated from the superficial meristematic cell cluster of the granular callus induced from adventitious bud explants via organogenesis.     

安徽黄精属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜对安徽省所产七种黄精属植物进行了花粉结构观察。结果表明,黄精属植物花粉形态较为一致,均属两侧对称;形状上多为船形,大小为（２１．５－５７．９）×（１８．９－３１．０）μｍ,具远极单沟,沟长,花粉外壁两层红等中外层略厚,或内层略层;外壁具微穿孔纹饰,穿孔大小、形状均不规则。主张在进行黄精属种间区分时,应考虑花粉外壁的某些特点。